End Sigmoid Colostomy Reconstruction Using Purse-string Subcutaneous Suture via Extraperitoneal Route at the Site of a Previous Transperitoneal Loop Stoma.

We previously experienced two cases of end sigmoid colostomy reconstruction via the extraperitoneal route at the same site as the transperitoneal loop stoma. For an anterior rectus fascia, the transperitoneal route used closed intraperitoneal interrupted sutures and continuous sutures with barbed sutures. A new extraperitoneal route was established through the sutured anterior rectus sheath. Before reconstructing the end stoma, a subcutaneous purse-string with monofilament absorbable sutures tied to create an approximately 2.5 cm diameter was used. There were no early complications associated with the stoma. One year after surgery, a parastomal hernia was not defined. Using the presented technique, two cases were successfully recreated extraperitoneally at the same site's end stoma.

[A Curatively Resected Case of Recto-Sigmoidal Cancer with Massive Bladder Invasion after Multimodal Therapy Including Chemotherapy].

A 68-year-old male patient was referred to our hospital because of unfit to treat his recto-sigmoidal cancer massively invaded to bladder at the former hospital. During drug administration to treat heart failure, we could perform a transverse colostomy and initiated mFOLFOX plus Pmab. During chemotherapy, he improved malnutrition. After 7 courses, CT scan showed a marked reduction in tumor diameter, which was PR. Since his nutritional and heart status were improved, he underwent a high anterior resection with partial bladder resection. Pathological findings showed that a few cancer cells were remained at bladder and bowel wall. He was diagnosed as Stage Ⅱc. His postoperative course was almost uneventful. No symptom of recurrence has been observed at 9 months after surgery without adjuvant chemotherapy.

[A Case of Liver Metastasis of Gastric Cancer Successfully Treated with SOX plus Nivolumab].

An 82-year-old, male. He visited his local doctor with a chief complaint of dyspnea on exertion. Anemia was noted, and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed, which revealed an ulcerative lesion in the gastric antrum. A biopsy revealed Group 5, tub2, and HER2 negative, with PD-L1≥5%. cT3N1H1(M1 HEP), cStage ⅣB was diagnosed based on CT scan showing enlarged #8 lymph node and a single liver metastasis in the 2 cm range in S6 of the liver. The patient was deemed unresectable and was started on SOX plus nivolumab therapy. On day 11 after initiation, the patient had Grade 3 diarrhea by CTCAE v5.0, and S-1 was withdrawn for 3 days, but was administered for 2 courses. CT and MRI after chemotherapy showed shrinkage of both the primary tumor and liver metastases; R0 resection was deemed possible, and pyloric gastrectomy, D2 lymph node dissection, and partial hepatic S6 resection were performed. The histological evaluation of response to treatment was Grade 1b, and the patient was in ypStage ⅠA. The patient has been alive without recurrence for 6 months postoperatively while receiving S-1 monotherapy on an outpatient basis.

[Long-Term Survival following Multidisciplinary Therapy for Unresectable Pancreatic Body Cancer].

A 57-year-old man was diagnosed with a tumor in the pancreatic body at a nearby hospital and consulted our hospital. Examinations revealed that carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9)levels were 1,765.0 U/mL. We confirmed metastatic liver tumors in S4 and S8 of the liver by EOB-MRI. We diagnosed unresectable pancreatic cancer(T3N0M1, cStage Ⅳ)and administered 10 courses of gemcitabine(GEM)plus nab-paclitaxel(nab-PTX)therapy. The main lesion and the lesion in S4 subsequently disappeared, and the lesion in S8 degenerated into a cyst. CA19-9 levels were 113 U/mL. Surgery was determined as the best course of action after normalizing CA19-9 levels. Therefore, we further administered 6 courses of FOLFIRINOX therapy and 4 courses of GEM plus nab-PTX therapy, but CA19-9 was not normalized. We decided that it would be difficult to normalize CA19-9, and thus proceeded with surgery. During the operation, cystic degenerative lesions were found in S8 and peritoneal dissemination was found in the transverse mesentery. Because the ascites cytopathology was negative, it was judged that the peritoneal dissemination was localized. We performed distal pancreatectomy(D2)plus partial hepatectomy(S8)plus peritoneal dissemination resection. On day 52 after surgery, we resumed GEM plus nab-PTX. The patient has survived without any recurrence for 3 years after the initial surgery.

[A Case of Pancreas Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Achieved Long-Term Survival by Carboplatin plus Etoposide Therapy].

A 70-year-old man with the history of diabetes mellitus complained of lower abdominal discomfort. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a pancreatic mass. Contrast enhanced CT showed a 2.6 cm-enhanced tumor ventral to the pancreatic head. It was diagnosed with a pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma(PanNEC-G3)by EUS-FNA. The patient underwent pancreatoduodenectomy with the wedge resection of the portal vein and partial resection of the transverse colon. We administered 6 cycles of adjuvant therapy with CDDP plus CPT-11. With the presentation of lymph node metastases and the local recurrence in the anastomotic site of the transverse colon 15 months after surgery, the patient received carboplatin plus etoposide(CE)therapy. Although local recurrence completely responded to the CE therapy, bone metastases were detected 27 months after surgery. Metastatic lesion did not respond to systemic chemotherapy including gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel and nal-IRI plus 5-FU/LV, and the patient eventually died 37 months after the surgery. PanNECs represent for less than 1% of all pancreatic tumor. They are characterized by high malignant potential and short time survival with the reported OS of 8.5 to 21 months. This case served as an important reminder to consider multimodal treatment for PanNEC patients to obtain longer survival.

[A Case of Esophageal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma(NEC)Treated with Collective Treatment].

A 68-year-old man presented to our hospital. An upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy performed elsewhere revealed an elevated lesion with a circumferential esophageal cancer(identified as small cell carcinoma). Perthe treatment forsmall cell cancer and the standard treatment for esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma, 7 courses of CBDCA(5mg/m2)plus ETP (100mg/m2)were administered. The lesion shrank and the lymph node swelling disappeared and the patient was deemed to be in partial remission. Nine months later, however, the primary tumor increased in size. A transthoracic subtotal esophagectomy( laparoscope-assisted), 2 area dissection, and gastric tube reconstruction(post-sternal)were performed at 2 years and 10 months afterdiagnosis.

[A Case of Long-Term Survival with Far Advanced Gastric Cancer after Multidisciplinary Treatments, including Conversion Surgery].

An 82-year-old man with Stage Ⅳ advanced gastric cancer and multiple liver metastases was referred to our hospital. Chemotherapy using S-1 was administered, resulting in withdrawal from the usual course because of an adverse event of grade 4 anorexia. GIS and EOB-MRI showed a prominent tumor reduction in both lesions; however, despite this, distal gastrectomy, D2 lymph node dissection, liver biopsy for S3 lesion, partial liver resection for S6 lesion, and cholecystectomy were performed to obtain a therapeutic diagnosis. Pathology revealed that the tumor cells remained in the main liver metastatic lesions. Therapeutic effect was assessed as Grade 2. Although weekly paclitaxel followed by reduced S-1 dosage was introduced after surgery, the recurrent mass was observed in the para-aortic region after 2 years. Subsequently, para-aortic lymph node dissection was performed because no new lesion was detected. More than 10 years have passed without any recurrence since the first surgery. As part of a multidisciplinary treatment for far advanced gastric cancer with multiple liver metastases (Stage Ⅳ), conversion surgery might be considered effective.

[A Resected Case of Rectal Metastasis from Gastric Cancer].

An 82-year-oldwoman previously underwent total gastrectomy for gastric cancer at the age of 75 years. After 7 years of follow-up, a colonoscopy was performedto investigate the cause of constipation, which revealedan irregularity in the rectal submucosa. A colonoscopy-guidedbiopsy showedpoorly differentiatedad enocarcinoma, andthe immunohistochemical staining pattern showedMUC2(-), MUC5AC(+), CDX2(+), andCA1 25(-). FDG-PET showedintense uptake only at the rectum. Thus, laparoscopic high anterior resection was performed. Pathological findings showed that poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and signet-ring cell carcinoma hadd evelopedmainly in the submucosa. In comparison with the immunohistological features of the previous gastric cancer, the rectal tumor hadsimilar morphological characteristics. The definitive diagnosis was rectal metastasis from gastric cancer. She has remained recurrence-free in the 20 months since this operation.

[HER2-Positive Advanced Gastric Cancer with Para-Aortic Lymph Node Metastases Treated with Conversion Surgery after Chemotherapy-A Case Report].

A 56-year-old woman diagnosed with type 2 gastric cancer and multiple lymph node metastases(T3N3M1[lym], cStage Ⅳ)was treated with chemotherapy using trastuzumab with S-1 plus cisplatin for 6 cycles. The primary lesion showed PR, and lymph node metastases disappeared after the chemotherapy. Because of adverse events, she was administered with 2 additional cycles of trastuzumab with S-1 plus cisplatin and 6 cycles of trastuzumab with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin. However, the primary lesion increased in size. Therefore, she underwent distal gastrectomy and D1+ lymphadenectomy with para-aortic lymph node sampling as a conversion surgery. The pathological diagnosis was T2N0M0, pStage ⅠB, and the primary cancer was Grade 1a owing to the chemotherapeutic effect. She survives without recurrence or postoperative adjuvant therapies 3 years after the surgery.

[A Case of Far-Advanced Esophageal Cancer with Multiple Metastases Showing Long-Term Survival after Chemotherapy].

A 71-year-oldman with voice hoarseness was referredto our hospital for further examination. He was diagnosedwith unresectable Stage Ⅳb esophageal cancer, with direct invasion to the aorta andtrachea andmultiple metastases to the lymph nodes, lungs, and adrenal gland. Because his performance status(PS)was deemedto be favorable, he receivedchemotherapy with docetaxel(DOC), cisplatin, and5 -FU(DCF therapy). After 2 cycles of DCF therapy, the primary lesion was scarred. No malignant lesions were detected in the biopsy performed. No distant metastases were identified on PET-CT. As a subsequent treatment, S-1 plus DOC therapy was administered. Finally, single S-1 administration was continued. The treatment periodwas 14 months. Treatment was concludedbecause a complete response(CR)was maintained. Three years after the conclusion of treatment, CR remains maintained. The overall survival in cases of unresectable advanced esophageal cancer is saidto be 3-10 months, but there are remarkable cases such as this one. If a goodPS is maintained, treatment shouldbe actively considered because CR is possible.